The Pathway Of Cancer Cells Essay - 1687 Words

Cancer cells are characterized by unlimited cell growth, inefficient apoptosis and excessive anabolism. The process of becoming cancer cells includes gene activation, micro-environmental changes and metabolic reprogramming. All of which compound upon one another and lead the cancer cells to continue with their overwhelming growth and activity. Malignant cancer cells invade and destroy organ infrastructure and replace it with disorganized and damaging cells. (1) The metabolic preference of cancer cells is wide ranging with cervical and glioma cells maintaining a normal oxidative phosphorylation and others exhibiting the switch to glycolysis. (2) This metabolic switch exhibits the adaptation to environmental changes and the tumor’s energy needs and activity. Overall, the carcinogenic process that defines each malignant tumor determines the metabolic profile of the cells. For the purpose of examining the metabolic switch, this paper will focus primarily on the Warburg principle w ith only slight examination of other cancer cell metabolic profiles. The Typical Cell Metabolism In a typical cell, the mitochondria works to provide the cell with adequate energy (in the form of ATP) in a well organized system. This system takes the glucose from the body and through glycolysis breaks it down to pyruvate, releasing 2 ATP. The products of glycolysis then enter the mitochondria, and are decarboxylated and attached to coA. Acetyl-coA can then enter the Krebs’s cycle. The Krebs cycle isShow MoreRelatedBiological Chemical Pathways And Its Effect On Cancer Cells Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesA cancerous cell must adapt to various biological chemical pathways and modify itself to impose its malignant behavior not only in humans but as well as in other species. The authors, Douglas Hanahan and Robert A. Weinberg points out six significant variations in cell physiology that leads to the composition of most of these cancerous cell. The cell autonomy in growth signals, insensivity to growth-inhibitory signals, avoid apoptosis, endless replication, angiogenesis sus tainability, as well as neighboringRead MoreGenetic, Biological, Chemical Pathways, And Modification Of Cancer Cells Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesA cancerous cell must adapt to various biological, chemical pathways, and modify it to impose its malignant behavior in human’s cell. The authors, Douglas Hanahan and Robert A. Weinberg points out six significant variations in cell physiology that leads to the composition of most of these cancerous cell. The cell’s autonomy in growth signals, insensivity to growth-inhibitory signals, circumvent apoptosis, endless replication, angiogenesis sustainability, as well as neighboring tissue invasion alongRead MoreHerbal Based Remedies Against Prostate Cancer875 Words   |  4 Pagesdiseases including cancer. Triterpenoids have promising anticancer activities. Triterpenoids have been reported to display anticancer activities against a myriad type cancer, without any cytotoxic effect in normal cells [17-21]. They also demonstrate antitumor efficacy in animal models of cancer [18, 21] The overall purpose of the study was to determine the therapeutic potential OAME, a tr ¬iterpenoid derivative, against prostate cancer, particularly the hormone-insensitive cell line PC-3Read MoreBreast Cancer Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloping breast cancer, there presence alone does not always result in breast cancer. The two genes that are indicative of breast cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA2. However, these genes are not the only indicators of breast cancer, although, there presence carries the greatest chance of development. The other genes that also serve as indicators of possible breast cancer are CHEK2, PTEN, TP53, PALB2, STK11, and CDH1. These genes are extremely significant because the presence or absence of a mutation formRead MoreProtein : The Normal Function Of The Target898 Words   |  4 Pagesgene regulating the cell formations and a transducer particle for the developmental processes such as neuroblast specification and segmentation.1 In Wnt Signall ing Pathway, the DVL 1 protein works by binding to C-terminus of frizzled receptors and transduce the wnt signal in both canonical and non-canonical pathway.2 These pathways activation lead to the accumulation of beta catenin protein in the cell which known to have important roles in proliferation and formation of the cells.2 1.3.How has theRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Micrornas729 Words   |  3 Pages(Griffiths, 2004; Griffiths et al., 2006), and in human breast cancer there are 133 miRNAs were identified. MiRNAs control messenger RNA expression and which are frequently dysregulated in malignant tumors (Le Ma et al., 2007). Amplification of chromosomal regions encoding oncogenic miRNAs is consequently up-regulate oncogenic miRNAs, which silencing or inhibit tumor suppressor genes (Pfeffer et al., 2004). One study shows CD44+/CD24=low cell populations from breast tumor tissue confirm the features ofRead MoreLung Cancer : The Highest Mortality Rate1688 Words   |  7 Pagespublished by the Center for Diseases and Control, Lung Cancer has the highest mortality rate in the US than any other cancer type. In 2011, about 156,953 people died from the disease as about 207,000 cases of ailing lung cancer patients were diagnosed that year. This number is set to see an increase over the years if adequate care i n research is not given .Song described Lung cancer, as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) with the former being responsible for about 85%Read MoreThe Role Of Inflammation And Cancer On Cancer Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesBackground The role of inflammation in cancer The primary development of cancer results from the increase in proliferation of an aggregation of cells in a specific location in the body. Cancer also develops in three phases: initiation, promotion, and progression, which becomes important when explaining the role inflammation plays in its growth. Inflammation has a large part in the development and progression of the cancer and these contributions are eminent. These studies that have shown the relationshipRead MoreDislodged Cell Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesDislodged cells undergo a Special type of cell death named anoikis based on loss of cell – matrix interaction mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway. In intrinsic pathway after cell-ECM detachment, BH3-only proteins (Bim and Bid) stimulate Bax and Bak pro-apoptotic proteins oligomerization and pore creation in mitochondrial outer membrane. Because of these pores, cytochrome C and SMAC/DIABLO proteins will be release from mitochondria into the cytosol. U ltimately apoptosome complexRead MoreMulti Drug Resistant (MDR) for Cancer Management852 Words   |  3 PagesMulti-Drug Resistant (MDR) is an influential impediment during successful cancer management however, Customary chemotherapy has still left the most common treatment against many cancers. Genetic and epigenetic events can associate with innate or acquired MDR which often come together to make some essential biochemical alterations for MDR emersion[1]. Among numerous anti-cancer drugs, Gemcitabine (dFdC; di-fluorodeoxycytidine) is a deoxycytidine analogue with ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibition