Using the Spanish Phrase A Pesar De

A pesar de is one of the idioms that Spanish uses the most often to convey the idea of in spite of or despite. A related phrase, a pesar de que, is often translated as even though or even if. Grammatically, these phrases are known as terms of concession, meaning that they are used to diminish the importance of what follows. Pesar is the verb for to weigh, but that isnt important here because the phrases have meanings of their own. The difference between a pesar de and a pesar de que is that the former acts as a preposition in that it is followed by an object such as a noun or pronoun, while the latter is followed by a clause (a subject followed by a verb). Using A Pesar De For example, see how a pesar de is followed by an object in these sentences: El matrimonio es và ¡lido a pesar del error ortà ³grafico. (The marriage is valid despite the spelling mistake.)A pesar de sus problemas, es fà ¡cil hablar con à ©l. (In spite of his problems, its easy to talk to him.)Einstein era mal alumno a pesar de su inteligencia. (Einstein was a poor student despite his intelligence.)A pesar de no estudiar, he aprobado el curso. (In spite of not studying, I have passed the course. Note that although estudiar is a verb, it can be an object because it is an infinitive functioning as a noun.)A pesar del voto de este domingo la decisià ³n final no està ¡ en manos de los puertorriqueà ±os. (Despite the vote this Sunday, the final decision isnt in the hands of Puerto Ricans.)Su sinceridad y su fortaleza, a pesar de sus dificultades, fueron una gran leccià ³n para mà ­. (Her sincerity and her strength of character, despite her difficulties, were a great lesson for me.) Using A Pesar De Que But a pesar de que is followed by a noun (or pronoun) with an accompanying verb. That verb should be in the subjunctive mood if the action of the sentence is hypothetical or has yet to occur. Me gusta el esquiar a pesar de que el equipo de esquà ­ es caro. (I like skiing even though ski gear is expensive.)Fuimos a la playa a pesar de que hacà ­a viento. (We went to the beach even though it was windy. Note that the subject of hacà ­a is implied rather than specified.)A pesar de que voy a clases de canto desde hace mucho tiempo, no puedo bailar. (Even though Ive been going to classes since a long time ago, I cant dance.)Casandra preferirà ­a vivir con su hermano a pesar de que à ©l sea pobre. (Casandra would prefer to live with her brother even if he is poor. Note that the subjunctive is used because of the hypothetical nature of the sentence.)No puedo ganar dinero a pesar de que vaya a cumplir 25 aà ±os en octubre. (He cant earn money even though he is going to be 25 years old in October. Note that the subjunctive of ir is used because because it refers to a future event.)Te extraà ±o a pesar de que estamos juntos. (I miss you even thought were together.) Common Phrases Using A Pesar De Two everyday phrases including a pesar de are shown in boldface in these sample sentences: A pesar de los pesares, la tormenta ya no es una amenaza. (In spite of everything, the storm still isnt a threat.)A pesar de todo seguimos adelante. (Despite everything, were continuing forward.) Two Related Phrases: Pese A, Pese A Que The phrases pese a and pese a que can be used in the same way as their longer counterparts: Pese a ello, la organizacià ³n de las elecciones sigue siendo un campo de disputa. (Despite this, the organization of elections keeps on being a field of dispute.)Dijo que pese a su fortuna, el dinero no es su principal motivacià ³n. (She said that despite her fortunate, money is not her principal motivation.)Pese a que estaba roto el aire acondicionado, estuvimos un buen rato allà ­ dentro. (Even though the air conditioning was broken, we were in there for a good while.)La habà ­a completamente olvidado, pese a que vi la pelà ­cula un millà ³n de veces. (I had completely forgotten the film, even though I had seen it a million times.)

Teaching And Learning Strategies For Teaching English...

Abstract A systematic review of studies that utilized an effective technology tool and/or technology-program in primary classrooms for teaching English Language Learners was conducted. The search produced 476 potential studies, of which the most recent 6 studies that met inclusion criteria were selected. The results of these 6 studies were Introduction English is one of the most important languages spoken around the world; so much so, that several countries whose native language is not English are integrating English education in their school systems. These educational trends have ignited researcher’s curiosity to study the effects of many teaching and learning strategies that aim to facilitate English language learning. Although the United States is an English-dominant country, over the years there has been a rapid increase in the English Language Learners (ELL) population. The studies conducted in non-native English countries have provided great insight on effective teaching strategies that can help educators meet the needs of the growing ELL population. â€Å"The term English language learners describes students who are in the process of acquiring English language skills and knowledge. Some educators and researchers refer to these students using the term limited English proficient (LEP), and the term English learners (ELs) is also becoming common. The term language minority students is used to refer to students whose parents speak a language other than English at home,Show MoreRelated50 Strategies For Teaching English Language Learners1257 Words   |  6 Pages Book Review: 50 Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Name Affiliation Date Book Review: 50 Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Introduction Fifty Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners, Third Edition has been co-authored by Adrienne Herrell and Michael Jordan. 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Educators useRead MoreLearning Strategies For Vocabulary Learning783 Words   |  4 PagesUnfamiliarity with Other Existing Strategies for Vocabulary Learning At the end of the interviews, I asked the participants if they knew of other kinds of strategies apart from the ones they had already mentioned, and whether they were familiar with all 42 items of vocabulary learning strategies presented in the questionnaire they had completed (in the quantitative phase of the mixed methods research design). Some of the participants’ perspectives on this are reflected in the following excerpts.Read MoreUsing Online Literacy Software Programs1562 Words   |  7 Pageson the following question: Will the ELLs improve their comprehension skills of expository texts by focusing most of their practices on vocabulary development through the use of online literacy software programs? Review of the Literature English language learners (ELLs) represent a rapidly expanding population in U.S. schools. As the ethnic composition of the United States continues to increase, the prospect that more educators will work with a diverse student population is quickly becoming a realityRead MoreEffective Instruction For English Learners1414 Words   |  6 PagesEffective Instruction for English Learners Calderon, Slavin and Sanchez (2011) in their article â€Å"Effective Instruction for English Learners† consider the problem of students who are non English speakers and come to live in the USA for several reasons such as immigrants. The U.S government requires every school that has more than 5 percent non-English speakers to provide these with specialized programs. The authors go to explain useful instructions for teaching students English Language. They also reviewRead MoreDisadvantages Of Maritime English1062 Words   |  5 PagesMaritime English (ME) should not be taught from the initial stage of the learners. After learners have achieved a minimum level of proficiency, ME should be taught. Native as well non-native learning approaches have to be adopted which means that the learners will learn the language not only at the institution but they have to develop it all throughout their life. Shen and Wang (2011) say that the traditional teaching methods are not suitable for modern maritime needs. So, the learners are to be

Security Measures for E-Commerce Business

Question: Discuss the following points.. Evaluate security strategies of protecting consumers and businesses and identify the security measures to increase trust. Evaluate the extent to which the Internet aids modern working practices. Demonstrate a critical awareness of the scope of e-commerce and its security in business and its practical and commercial limitations? Answer: Introduction Total earnings from e-commerce business had reached up to US $2.3 billion in the year 2002. The growth rate is expected to double up over the period of years. Earnings through e-commerce didnt slow down even during recession period, which was unlikely with the other industries. Quick information, secured product delivery system, discounted price for the products, and reliability of the online companies are some of the factors that has contributed towards the increase in the business. Security of the business and client information is still one of the major concerns that affect the business performance either directly or indirectly. E-commerce business house now concentrate on adopting better strategies for securing the business and client information from being hacked or used in an unauthorised manner (Bacharach et al., 2001). Security measures Online business is carried out through B2B and B2C methods. The security measures are an important factor through which the better strategies can be introduced by the companies to improve the security measures. The companies trading through online method, works towards developing trust with the clients willing to trade with the company. Security measures are associated with the steps followed for securing the data of the users who chose to share information with the company. Customers trading through the online method need to be protected and the corrective measures can be implemented. Security measures include analysing different factors like the system used, software, and policies. The privacy policies include the below mentioned factors- Introduce an effective anti-virus system, through which the spams can be minimised. Ensure that the website is secured Promote the website and encourage the members to use the password protection system. Personal details of the clients are secured. Trust is one of the important factors that contribute towards the successful business conduct and organising transactions. However the challenge exists with the process that is followed for authentication of the consumer identity, especially for the online transactions. Security measures like protecting the confidential information of the clients like the credit and debit card details and other details of the buyers has to be evaluated and implemented in an effective method. Rules have been amended through the legislation and company policy process. Security measures are undertaken with the sole purpose of implementing the security safeguard methods for different information that is held by the company on behalf of the clients (Ben-Ner, and Putterman, 2002). As per Bacharach and Gambetta (2001), it is essential for the management to evaluate the type of information that is being held by the company. Important and relevant details have to be evaluated as this will help the e-commerce business to retain the important information for the business. The value of the data regardless of the size and the nature has to be developed. Data can be classified into two different factors like the company information and client details. Company information includes details like financial information, strategic plan details, and employee information. Client details include the information like debit and credit card details, email address of the clients, and others. It also includes SSN numbers, telephone numbers, and addresses. The company cannot use the information for any other reason, otherwise permitted by the users. As per Camp 2000, trust is an important factor for trading through the online method. There are different types of trusts like Commercial Problem solving Informational Identify Knowledge Trust is required for building business relationship with the clients and business associates. Security measures adopted by the companies have to be evaluated as this will minimise the occurrence of the cyber threat, which is one of the major concerns for online trading. However the challenge exists with the process that is adopted by the companies to implement the security measures for benefitting the companies and the clients. The trust and the security factor can be established which is one of the important tasks for the companies. Different types of security measures include identifying the establishment process, third party certification method, and legal frameworks. The process includes providing assurance to the clients and other parties about the secured measures that would be followed for improving the security measures for protecting the information. This basically includes introducing security measures for protecting the details and other information through the online met hod. Importance has been given to the authentication method, through which the details of the customers, suppliers, and others can be identified and effective measures can be introduced (EC, 2010). Security requirements The security system is used for improving the security measure through Facebook and others needs to be improvised. Major issues are with the selection of the method that is considered to be efficient for improving the security on the online method. Different measures for the security method can be introduced like the Netscape and others. Such factor reduces uncertainty related to the security issues. Authentication method is a part of the policy process that has been drafted by the companies. It is necessary to test the method, as this will minimise the losses that is related to the security measures. The verifier introduced by the company or the e-commerce business house enables the users to verify the requests for the verification code and other factors. This reduces the possibilities of dispute, which impacts the goodwill and the reputation of the company (Guerra, 2001). Different methods for securing the information As per a research it has been started that more than 70 per cent of the US online buyers fear about losing the data and other information to the unauthorised hackers. The process adopted by the companies to protect the information differs and it depends upon the type of information that is being shared between the company and the clients. For instance, Citibank has issued virtual account numbers to the clients. Such a number is quite similar to the credit card details or numbers that is being provided to the clients for carrying out the individual transactions. Through this process, the information and the details of the clients is hidden from the seller. Security measures for customers using the social media platform Customers trading through online business houses are expected to share personal information like the email address, SSN number, debit or credit card details, and others. Such details are crucial for the users and it is the responsibility of the company to secure the details. In this process, it is essential to secure the information. Policy for securing the data of the consumers has to be introduced by the company. In this process, the strategies include authenticating the system used for securing the data and installing a better method for protecting the information. Customers need to have an option to share the details, unless the payment is done. Details of the customers cannot be shared by the company with any third party. Clients permission is required for sharing the details with any third party. Identify of the clients has to be protected as unauthorised access can risk the business goodwill and security system. Emails and other information can be communicated with the clients after getting permission from the users. Theory about data protection As per the data protection theory, it is necessary to analyse the data and introduce the better methods to secure the content from unauthorised third party. This includes the format used for storing the information. Public or standard format like the HRML is used as one of the options. In the other option, the private proprietary format is used. Data located in one of the computer system can be used or accessed by the concerned authorities. The usage of the data can be restricted. However, the data accessibility is at a higher risk, when the accessibility is open due to many reasons. Thus, the distribution method for the standard format has to be adopted as this will secure the information. The users range from the clients and others who are associated with the company. Data protection has been made mandatory as per the rules that have been framed by the authorities. The strategies adopted by the companies differ, but it is necessary to ensure that the right process and steps are followed for introducing the changes within the company. In this process, the challenges faced by the company and the process that is expected to be followed by the company for improving the performance has to be analysed. The companies can install drivers on the path the data is taken into the hard disk drive to the browser. The driver has the ability to directly analyse the hard disk and analyse the encrypted data. Through this method, it is possible to analogues the challenges that are associated with the process data protection which is considered to be an important factor. In order to improve the protection it is necessary to install data protection method, which will secure the data and introduce better security measures. The steps intended to be followed by the companies varies and there are lots of factors that can affect the performance (Latcovich and Smith, 2001) Current problem The other method is with the certification method that has been done through the third party or agent. In this method, the certification is being done through the rating system. Through such a process, other users would be able to judge the reliability of the website for carrying out the transactions or dealings with the company. Quality seals and trust marks for the website plays an important role in the business development and implementing effective strategies through which the changes can be introduced for improving the protection of the data from unauthorised hacking (Latcovich and Smith, 2001) Some of the commonly used seals include VeriSign secure seal and Trustee Privacy mark. The prime objective for setting up of such certification is outlined for introducing the better methods for protecting the information. Such factors are expected to reduce the uncertainty that is basically caused due to the hacking of the information through the third party or someone who can impact the business. The benefits associated with the system lies with the process that is adopted for introducing the better methods through which the information about the clients can be shared in public. In other words, the amount of details can be controlled and evaluated as this can be shared with the third party. The test process can be introduced, as this will assure the company about the reliability of the data and other information that is considered to be essential for the successful business conduct. Consensus is required for carrying out the privacy issues, especially when the involuntary sampling method results unfavourably (Wallace, 2001). Conclusion The demand for e-commerce business has been on rise. This is one of the reasons; the companies intend to introduce better security measures through which the changes within the business performance and securing the information about the clients can be introduced. Through the process the challenges involved with the business execution and other factors can be analysed. In this process, the method that is intended to be followed by the company for improving the performance of the company and introducing better methods for securing the data has to be planned and introduce effectively by the company. The cost and the steps involved with the process have to be analysed and corrective steps needs to be introduced. References Bacharach, M. O. L. and Gambetta, D. (2001), Trust in Signs, in Cook, K. (ed.), Trust and Social Structure, Russell Sage Foundation, NY, pp. 148-184 Bacharach, M. O. L., Guerra, G. A., and Zizzo, D. J. (2001), Is Trust Self-Fulfilling? An Experimental Study, University of Oxford, Department of Economics Discussion Paper 76 Ben-Ner, A. and Putterman, L. (2002), Trust in the New Economy, HRRI Working Paper 11-02, University of Minnesota, Industrial Relations Centre Bochet, O., Page, T. and Putterman, L. (2002), Cheap Talk and Punishment in Voluntary Contribution Experiments, unpublished paper, Department of Economics, Brown University, Providence, RI Camp, J. (2000), Trust and Risk in Internet Commerce, MIT Press, Cambridge MA EC (2001), Communication on Network and Information Security: Proposal for A European Policy Approach, COM(2001)298. Available at https://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2001/com2001_0298en01.pdf EC (2010), Proposal for a regulation concerning the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA). Available at https://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0245:FI N:EN:PDF. Guerra, G. A. (2001), Certification Disclosure and Informational Efficiency: A Case for Ordered Ranking of Levels, University of Oxford, Department of Economics Discussion Paper 6 Guerra, G. A. and Zizzo, D. J. (2003), Trust Responsiveness and Beliefs, Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, forthcoming Latcovich, S. and Smith, H. (2001), Pricing, Sunk Costs, and Market Structure Online: Evidence from Book Retailing, Oxford Review of Economic Policy 17, 217-234 Wallace, P. (2001), The Psychology of the Internet, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Zizzo, D. J. (2003), Empirical Evidence on Interdependent Preferences: Nature or Nurture?, Cambridge Journal of Economics, forthcoming Answer

The Wasp Factory Review Essay Example

The Wasp Factory Review Paper Essay on The Wasp Factory Thats the way human nature is that it is running or hiding from their problems, by itself, sometimes without realizing it. hides behind the mask, which even to himself seems true face. Throughout almost the entire book one can wonder hate the hero, Im not to understand it, the family, the people around. Why so much impunity and unnecessary cruelty? Why is the child decides to live if the other children He hates women, offer animal sacrifices, mercilessly killing them. At the same time, he scolds his lunatic brother for what it burns and eats dogs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wasp Factory Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Wasp Factory Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Wasp Factory Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After all, the old dog, how confident hero, stripped him of his normal life. Why is it behaves, his father, brother ..? All this must be an explanation. And it comes almost at the end of the book The book is not random characters:. Snake, dog, wasps, birds, sheep they all help to know the nature of man, his actions and actions. The main symbol of Wasp. That they may represent envy and hatred, enemies, conflict, trouble. The hero is constantly struggling with their enemies of wasps and follow the life of the factory, protects it from prying eyes. Hornet nest (factory) is dejected (from dream book). But the hero does not a villain, but a real victim The only thing I did not like -. In the last chapter, the author puts into the mouth of the protagonist couple proposals that reveal the idea the whole work. In fact, the book is written well enough and the reader itself, without assistance can draw conclusions.

Free Essays on Countries

Tanzania Tanzania is a country located in southeastern Africa, which is surrounded on the north by Kenya and Uganda, on the east by the Indian Ocean, on the south by Mozambique, Malawi, and Zambia, and on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda. Tanzania includes the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, and other offshore islands in the Indian Ocean. The total area of Tanzania is 364,900 square miles. Dar es Salaam is the capital and largest city. Tanzania is mostly flat and low along the coast, but a plateau that an altitude of about 4000 feet makes up the greater part of the country. Groups of mountains rise in the northeast and southwest. There is a volcano on the northern border called Kilimanjaro that is about 19,341ft high and is the highest mountain in Africa Three of the great lakes of Africa are on the border of Tanzania. Lake Tanganyika is on the western border, Lake Victoria on the northwest, and Lake Nyasa on the southwest. Lakes Nyasa and Tanganyika are i n the Great Rift Valley. The population of Tanzania is 36,232,074 and consists mostly of members of more than 120 black African groups, the majority of which speak a Bantu language.The largest groups are the Sukuma and the Nyamwezi. The other groups are Haya, Ngonde, Chagga, Gogo, Ha, Hehe, Nyakyusa, Nyika, Ngoni, Yao, and Masai. The population also includes people of Indian, Pakistani, and Goan origin, and small Arab and European communities. Islam is the religion of about one-third of the people on the mainland. Roman Catholicism is the largest Christian denomination of Tanzania. Swahili and English are the official languages of Tanzania, but many people continue to use the language of their ethnic group. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. It is considered to be the second from the bottom on the poverty scale in Africa. Tanzania does not have enough school for all of the children. Only about 66% of the children are enrolled ... Free Essays on Countries Free Essays on Countries Tanzania Tanzania is a country located in southeastern Africa, which is surrounded on the north by Kenya and Uganda, on the east by the Indian Ocean, on the south by Mozambique, Malawi, and Zambia, and on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda. Tanzania includes the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, and other offshore islands in the Indian Ocean. The total area of Tanzania is 364,900 square miles. Dar es Salaam is the capital and largest city. Tanzania is mostly flat and low along the coast, but a plateau that an altitude of about 4000 feet makes up the greater part of the country. Groups of mountains rise in the northeast and southwest. There is a volcano on the northern border called Kilimanjaro that is about 19,341ft high and is the highest mountain in Africa Three of the great lakes of Africa are on the border of Tanzania. Lake Tanganyika is on the western border, Lake Victoria on the northwest, and Lake Nyasa on the southwest. Lakes Nyasa and Tanganyika are i n the Great Rift Valley. The population of Tanzania is 36,232,074 and consists mostly of members of more than 120 black African groups, the majority of which speak a Bantu language.The largest groups are the Sukuma and the Nyamwezi. The other groups are Haya, Ngonde, Chagga, Gogo, Ha, Hehe, Nyakyusa, Nyika, Ngoni, Yao, and Masai. The population also includes people of Indian, Pakistani, and Goan origin, and small Arab and European communities. Islam is the religion of about one-third of the people on the mainland. Roman Catholicism is the largest Christian denomination of Tanzania. Swahili and English are the official languages of Tanzania, but many people continue to use the language of their ethnic group. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. It is considered to be the second from the bottom on the poverty scale in Africa. Tanzania does not have enough school for all of the children. Only about 66% of the children are enrolled ...

The Use of Ambiguity in The Turn of the Screw by Henry James

The Use of Ambiguity in The Turn of the Screw by Henry James â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† is a horror story in all the aspects. Henry James, its author, employs various literary styles and methods to achieve the desired chilling and devilish effect. An outstanding feature in the story is the use of ambiguity. The literary style is applied to develop various themes in the narrative. It is also used to develop the characters. The current paper explores the use of ambiguity in the story.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Use of Ambiguity in â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† by Henry James specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author analyses the effects of this stylistic device on the reader. In addition, the impacts of the style on the general flow of the narrative are also analyzed. In â€Å"The Turn of the Screw†, Henry James uses ambiguity to make the events in the story intriguing. The style is especially evident in the analysis of the governess, on e of the main characters in the book. â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† is a narrative about a governess who is tasked with the responsibility of looking after two orphans. However, she wants nothing to do with these kids. Her reaction elicits sympathy given that the governess who used to look after the two children has died. The housekeeper of Alby, Mrs. Grose, is kind to the governess and children, Miles and Flora, who appear to be charming kids. Miles is expelled from school after the administration wrote to the family informing of the decision to terminate his presence in the institution (James 4). A few weeks after their arrival, the governess starts noting some extraordinary happenings. She starts to see ghosts of previous servants of the estate. For example, she sees the ghosts of a dead servant named Quint and his lover. She also sees the ghost of another female servant, who is also dead. The governess believes that the apparitions corrupt the minors. In addition, she feel s that they (the ghosts) want them to be dead. However, the children maintain that they cannot see the alleged ghosts. For example, the apparition of the former caretaker appears to the new nanny and the little girl. However, the girl insists that she cannot see it. Consequently, the girl falls sick. As a result, the nanny has to get her out of the house. A battle ensues between the governess and the ghost of Quint. Each of them wants to keep Miles. The governess thinks that she has overcome the phantoms. However, this appears to be a false sense of hope given because Miles dies in her arms (James 5).Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† is intricately written in a manner that leaves the reader in awe, if not lost. The events in the story are characterized by twists and turns. Apart from achieving the horror and evil objectiv e of the author, the turns and twists arouse confusion. According to Hill, the tale is maddeningly indirect (53). James purports clarity in the tale. However, the story appears to have a sole objective of losing and confusing the reader even more. The events in the story are very succinct in their ambiguity. Consequently, the themes of doubt and vision are brought out through these events. A case in point is the arrival of the governess in the Bly household. On the first night, the governess claims that she can hear the whimpers of a child. She recounts that â€Å"there had been a moment when I believed I recognized, faint and far, the cry of a child† (James 14). The event is not confirmed anywhere else in the story. Perhaps, the statement is meant to arouse the idea of looming evil in the Bly household. At this juncture, the reader is confused given that Flora is spending the night with Mrs. Grose. The governess is a stranger to her at this point. As such, Flora could be the child who was whimpering, although the event is left unclear. The governess also claims that she can hear light footsteps on the passage before her door (James 14). The event, although questionable, effectively sets the stage for further ambiguity in the story. More vagueness is brought out through the arrival of a letter from Miles’ school. It is obvious that the uncle has seen it. However, he insists that the governess should read it and deal with the issue. The letter does not disclose the actual reason for Miles’ expulsion. The only reason given is that the school cannot take him anymore. The reasons behind the uncle’s disassociation from all the matters to do with the children are also unclear. Even though he receives the letter first, he does not even bother to open it. In addition, he reasserts his initial directive of not to be bothered. Perhaps, this is an acknowledgement of either supernatural acts in relation to the kids or a broken and disturbed fam ily. James leaves the reader guessing so that they could come to their own conclusions based on how they perceive the setting and the characters in the story. Henry James tells the story of Bly bit by bit. However, â€Å"the militant ambiguity with which the characters discuss the happenings leaves readers with a lot of questions† (Dill 65). An example is the apparitions of Quint and Miss Jessel.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Use of Ambiguity in â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† by Henry James specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reader is left wondering how these figures corrupt Flora and Miles. In addition, it is not clear what Mrs. Gross saw Quint or Miss Jessel do to the children. The beginning of the story sets the dichotomy of what is really happening at Bly. It also sets the pace for the unknown or what the governess refers to as â€Å"it all† (James 59). Shortly after arriving in the Bly household, the governess encounters, or believes that she sees, the apparitions of two former servants who are dead. The scenario brings to the fore the theme of vision in the story. Whether the governess actually saw the ghosts or not remains ambiguous throughout the story. The reader is reminded of the uncle’s directive that she â€Å"should never trouble him - but never, never: neither appeal nor complain nor write about anything† (James 9). Whether the uncle was aware or unaware of the occurrences at Bly is unclear. However, one is led to believe so since he was very categorical while demanding not to be consulted on any matter. The governess is given absolute authority over the household. Regarding the former dead servants, the governess deduces what she knows about them from Mrs. Grose. She is informed that Peter Quint was a manservant in charge of the house, while Miss Jessel was the former governess. According to Mrs. Grose, Miss Jessel and Quint we re â€Å"infamous† (James 37). The infamy about the two is not made clear. All that is said is that Quint did what he wished had been â€Å"too free with everyone† (James 37), including with the children. How he was free with every person is not very clear. All Henry James says is that the male servant had an intimate engagement with Jessel. The death of the two servants is also surrounded by ambiguity. It is not a coincidence that both of them are dead. Henry James does not even link the two deaths to the Bly household in any way. However, one is convinced that their presence in the family certainly contributed to their demise, although the reasons behind the event are not clear. It is apparent that the death of Quint is attributed to an injury on the head after a fall. However, the demise of Miss Jessel is mysterious. The cause of her death is not made clear, except that she left for holiday and never got back. Mrs. Grose confesses that she received the news of Miss Jessel’s fate from the children’s uncle, although she was never told of the exact cause of death (James 22).Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ambiguity surrounding her death shrouds the happenings in the Bly household in mystery. The fact that the children’s uncle never revealed the cause of her demise is also intriguing. In relation to the theme of vision, â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† leaves the reader with numerous unresolved issues and events. For instance, Dill (64) describes the story as one about epistemology. The narrative is about what one sees or does not see. Literally and figuratively, the story revolves around what can and cannot be seen, especially in case of the governess. From the beginning to the end of the narrative, the reader is uncertain whether the sightings are for real or not. The apparitions may be a figment of the governess’s creative imagination. According to Reed (413), there are two schools of thought in relation to visions experienced by the governess, leading to the development of the story. One school of thought proposes that the woman saw the ghosts. The dead servan ts actually returned in preternatural evil flair to haunt the children. On the other hand, the apparitions may have been imaginary conjectures of the woman’s mind. Reed (413) proposes that the governess’s sexually frustrated mind may have generated the ghosts. Another cause of these visions may have been the corrupt atmosphere surrounding the innocent children. In addition to her feminine intuitions, the governess exhibits nothing substantial upon which her allegations of seeing the apparitions can be based. What she visualizes is beyond perception. The reader is left grappling with the ambiguity of her sanity. Her cognitions are visible only to her. It is not clear if Mrs. Grose trully sees the apparitions herself (James 32). It is the governess who beholds the ghosts most of the time. For instance, in her first encounter with an apparition in the Bly household, she confesses, I stopped short on emerging from one of the plantations and coming into view of the house (à ¢â‚¬ ¦) He did stand there!- but high up, beyond the lawn and at the very top of the tower to which, on that first morning, little Flora had conducted me (James 27). The governess cannot attest with confidence to whether what she sees is actually real or a product of her imagination. Her visions are enveloped with ambiguity, leaving the readers to decide on their what is true. As Reed argues, the young governess’s story may be a neurotic case resulting from sexual repression. As such, the sightings may be part of her hallucinations (Reed 414). She tends to attribute sinister significance to trivial events. The predisposition may add validity to the argument that she is insane. For instance, the expulsion of Miles from school is an event she colors with some sinister significance in spite of the fact that there is no evidence to support this. More ambiguity in relation to the governess’s vision arises following her description of Quint. It is obvious that she has not se en Quint before or heard about him. However, when she describes the ghost to Mrs. Grose, it emerges that he is the deceased servant. As such, in a way, Henry James discredits the notion that the governess is mentally unstable or that the apparitions are in her imagination. The description she gives of Quint proves the fact that she has actually seen someone. The additional description of Miss Jessel further strengthens the conviction that the apparitions are real, adding more to the ambiguity wrought in the story. Additional ambiguity in the story arises from the behavior of the children towards the governess and their stance that they have not seen the dead servants’ ghosts. The governess concludes that the children have been exposed to the evil of the previous servants, but they seem to be conspiring with the demons. In addition, the kids seem to know more than the governess and Mrs. Grose. What is not clear, however, is why they are denying seeing the ghosts. Vagueness in the story continues in regard to the relationship between the apparitions and the children. The governess is convinced that the ghosts want to get to the children. However, it is not made apparent why. In spite of this, Mrs. Grose informs that Miss Jessel and Quint were infamous, adding that â€Å"It was Quint’s own fancy. To play with him, I mean - to spoil him† (James 44). By saying that he was â€Å"playing with† and â€Å"spoiling him†, perhaps, the author meant Quint molested the boy sexually (James 44). However, it is unclear if that is the reason why the ghosts wanted the children. In another instance, Mrs. Grose informs that the male servant was an easy going character. He also had a sexual relationship with Miss Jessel. In spite of the conviction that the apparitions had a relationship with the children. In addition to being infamous, the author does not disclose their actual intentions. The reader is left with the task of imagining what the gho sts intended to do with the children though it is disclosed that the kids had known about their existence long before the governess found out. According to Rust (444), Henry James makes the story perfectly vague by relating ambiguity to his purpose in the narrative. Throughout the narration, the story revolves around opposites. Ambiguity is further brought out in the story when one takes into consideration the concept of threshold as elaborated by Rust. Behind the scenes, the Bly household is portrayed as hideous. However, the children are depicted as both angels and devils. On the other hand, the governess is either mad or sane. For instance, according to the governess, Flora is â€Å"†¦ not alone, and at such times she’s not a child: she’s an old, old woman† (James 115). The differences between these depictions are not made apparent in the story. The task of come up with conclusions is left to the reader. Davidson (462) postulates that ambiguity in the st ory is suggested through windows that are portrayed as glasses. The governess sees Quint through these windows. However, the structures can serve another purpose. They can be regarded as mirrors through which she sees herself. As such, James inculcates further ambiguity into the story by merging opposites of reality and unrealism. The line between reality and conjectures is distorted since a clear distinction is difficult to establish. Flora insists that she did not see the ghost. The denial is surrounded by ambiguity. After she is questioned relentlessly by the lake side, the girl argues, I don’t know what you mean. I see nobody. I see nothing. I never have. I think you’re cruel. I don’t like you! Then, after this deliverance, which might have been that of a vulgarly pert little girl in the street, she hugged Mrs. Grose more closely and buried in her skirts the dreadful little face. In this position she produced an almost furious wail. Take me away, take me awa y - oh, take me away from her! (James 122). Whether the girl really saw Miss Jessel’s apparition or not remains unclear. What is clear is that she eventually develops immense hatred towards the governess. The reason for this change is not revealed in the story. Flora requests to be taken away from the governess, leaving the reader wondering as to why she reacted the way she did. Henry James closes â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† with more ambiguity. In the last scene, the apparition of Quint appears to the governess at the window of the room she and Miles have retreated to. The governess insists when talking to Miles that Quint is there. The boy falls after realizing that the ghost is there. The governess catches him in his fall with â€Å"passion†. However, she finds that his little heart, dispossessed, had stopped (James 149). The ambiguity surrounding Miles death leaves one wondering if the boy died as a result of fright on seeing Quint. It is possible that the governess caused his death as she squeezed him in her â€Å"passion†. Henry James applies ambiguity extensively throughout the story. The authenticity of the governess’s visions remains unclear. The denial by the children is also shrouded in mystery. The events surrounding Miles death are also ambiguous. As such, the reader is left wondering if the apparitions are real. They could have been the conjectures of the governess. However, in the long run, the author’s choice for ambiguity has a significant effect on the readers. For example, the story continues in the mind of the reader even after they have finished reading it. In spite of the ambiguities, it is clear that the stylistic device adopted by Henry James may be deliberate. For example, the author may have intended to encourage the reader to form their conclusions that should be based on the reader’s perception of the setting, themes, characters, symbols, and other aspects of the narrative. The ambi guity gives the story an intriguing angle, making it a mysterious read. Davidson, Guy. â€Å"‘Almost a Sense of Property’: Henry Jamess The Turn of the Screw, Modernism, and Commodity Culture.† Texas Studies in Literature Language 53.4 (2011): 455-478. Print. Dill, Elizabeth. â€Å"James’s Gothic in The Turn of the Screw.† The Explicator 69.2 (2011): 64-67. Print. Hill, Robert. â€Å"A Counterclockwise Turn in Jamess The Turn of the Screw’.† Twentieth Century Literature 27.1 (1981): 53-71. Print. James, Henry. The Turn of the Screw. 1898. PDF file. 2 May 2014. ibiblio.org/ebooks/James/Turn_Screw.pdf. Reed, Glenn A. â€Å"Another Turn on James ‘The Turn of the Screw’.† American Literature 20.4 (1949): 413-423. Print. Rust, Richard Dilworth. â€Å"Liminality in the Turn of the Screw†. Studies in Short Fiction 25.4 (1988): 441-450. Print.

Super man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Super man - Essay Example Superman constructs a certain role model of manliness reflecting popular 20th century concepts of masculinity. The most attractive feature in Superman figure is that he can transform from his superhero image to â€Å"the mediocre man of flesh and blood† which serves the mask to his extraordinary abilities. The personality of Superman is split. He has a private life which has nothing to do with his public heroism. In everyday life Superman is Clark Kent, ordinary journalist, clumsy and soft. The contrast between two identities is maximized to emphasise masculinity features. The dual identity of the hero from the launch of Superman series became a formula of masculine image. On one hand the superhero has body which is vividly masculine as well as the confidence and power which suggest of the ideal of man, on the other hand he is soft, powerless, unconfident representing a feminized man. Superhero images have always blended masculinity with muscles. The most obvious external signifier of masculinity has been the male body. Male body images reflect all the conventions related with male superiority. Muscles symbolizing masculine physical strength serve as a code for sexual difference. The muscular body is clear sign of masculine power. (Brown, 1999 p.25) Muscles are associated with masculinity so strongly that women like professional body builders who exhibit ‘noticeable muscularity’ are accused in manliness while men who lack muscular power are criticized for being too feminine. The contrast of two identities of the hero plays an important role in shaping masculinity image. That makes Superman a masculine ideal of 20th century. Superman possesses exceptional qualities like flying, gliding on air currents, seeing through walls. He gets more and more powers equalling to God. Besides, he is a defender of truth with exceptional feeling of justice and handsome looks. Clark